CNN Student News 2014/12/08 中文翻譯

U.S. Forces Stay in Afghanistan; Typhoon Hagupit in Philippines; Protecting U.S. Cyber Security; Space Capsule Orion Launch

美國軍隊流在阿富汗；在菲律賓的颱風哈格比；保護美國網路安全；太空船獵戶座發射

Aired December 8, 2014 - 04:00:00   ET

2014年12月8日04:00:00(美國東部時間)播送

THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.

此為快速版文字記錄，可能非最後的版本，並有可能更新。

(影片來自cnnstudentnews.com 若有侵權請告知，將會馬上刪除謝謝 )  

CARL AZUZ, CNN ANCHOR: This is CNN STUDENT NEWS. Ten minutes of current events for middle and high school classrooms, no commercials. From the CNN Center, I`m Carl Azuz. We are taking you to Afghanistan. Thousands of U.S. troops are serving in the Middle Eastern country. It`s part of the U.S.-led war that began there in 2001. The U.S. government had planned to reduce the number of those troops at the end of this year. But it announced over the weekend that some U.S. forces wouldn`t be coming home as soon as originally planned.
CNN主播CARL AZUZ：這是CNN STUDENT NEWS，適合國高中班級的十分鐘近期事件，不含廣告，來自CNN中心，我是Carl Azuz，我們要帶你到阿富汗，數千名美國軍人正在中東國家服務，這是從2001年在那裡開始、以美國為首的戰爭的一部分，美國政府曾計劃在今年年底要減少那些軍隊的數量，但它(美國政府)在週末宣布一些美國軍人不會和原先計劃的一樣那麼快回家。

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP影片片段開始)
CHUCK HAGEL, DEFENSE SECRETARY: This will remain a delayed withdrawal of up to 1,000 U.S. troops, so that up to 10,800 troops rather than 9,800 could remain in Afghanistan through the end of this year, and for the first few months next year.

國防部長查克·黑格(CHUCK HAGEL)：最多1000名美國軍人的撤軍將會持續延期，所以最多會有10,800名軍人而不是9,800名可能要持續待在阿富汗過今年年底到明年的頭幾個月。
(END VIDEO CLIP影片片段結束)

AZUZ: There`s been a recent increase of attacks in the Afghan capital of Kabul. The Taliban are responsible. They are Afghanistan`s former rulers who support al Qaeda terrorists, but the U.S. says that`s not the reason why American troops are staying. Afghanistan`s previous government didn`t want U.S. troops to stay after this year.

AZUZ：阿富汗首都喀布爾(Kabul)近來攻擊事件增加，塔利班(Taliban)(註一)應承擔責任，他們是支持蓋達組織(al Qaeda) (註二)阿富汗前統治者，但美國表示那並不是讓美國軍隊留在那裡的理由，阿富汗上屆政府不希望美國軍人留過今年。

It wouldn`t sign an agreement to allow that. But the country`s new government has signed the security agreement. By the end of next year, U.S. troop numbers in Afghanistan are scheduled to be about half of what they are now. The Pentagon says Afghan forces are currently leading about 99 percent of the mission`s they go on.

它不會簽下協議允許這件事，但國家的新政府已經簽了安全協議，今年年底在阿富汗的美國軍人數量大約預定是現在的一半，美國國防部(THE Pentagon)表示百分之九十九阿富汗軍隊所要執行任務是他們(自己)帶領的。

The typhoon we told you about last week dragged across the Philippines yesterday. Hagupit means lash in Philippino (sic), and that`s exactly what it did to the Pacific Island nation. Hagupit did lose some power before making landfall. It came ashore at the strength of a category two hurricane with wind speeds around 100 miles per hour.

大約在上周我們告訴你的颱風昨天緩慢地行進過菲律賓，哈格比(Hagupit)在菲律賓語的意思是「猛烈衝擊」(lash)，而這（猛烈衝擊）完全就是它（哈格比）對太平洋島嶼國家所做的，哈格比在登陸之前的確有降低了一些威力，它從岸上登陸時的強度為等級2的颶風，風速大約每小時100英哩。

But the system moved slowly, and because of that, Hagupit`s rain threatened severe flooding in landslides. At least three deaths have been blamed on this storm, more than 900,000 people were affected, most of them evacuating their homes. Still, it wasn`t as devastating as the typhoon that hit last year. Haiyan killed 6,000 people and left hundreds of thousands homeless.

但是整體移動的很緩慢，而因為如此，哈格比的雨帶來嚴重的水災導致山崩，至少有三人死亡要歸咎於這次的暴風雨，超過900,000人受到影響，他們大部份的人都撤離了他們的家園，儘管如此，它的破壞力還是沒有比去年襲擊（菲律賓）的颱風那麼大，海燕(Haiyan)造成三人死亡並讓數十萬人無家可歸。

[ROLL CALL](skipped)

We`ve coverage stories involving the DEA, the FDA, the TSA. Today, we are taking you inside the NCCIC, lots of letters. It`s the National Cyber Security and Communications Integration Center. It`s part of the department of Homeland Security. Its job keep hackers out of the infrastructure we depend on every single day. And its abilities are tested every single day.
我們有有關於藥品管理局(Drug Enforcement Administration, DEA)、食品及藥物管理局(Food and Drug Administration, FDA)、運輸標準化局(Transportation Standardization Agency, TSA) 的新聞報導，今天我們要帶你來到國家網路安全暨通訊整合中心(National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center, NCCIC)內部，（這個簡稱）字母很多，它是國家網路安全暨通訊整合中心(National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center, NCCIC)，它是國土安全部的一部份，它的工作是讓駭客遠離我們每一天依賴的基礎設施，而它的能力每一天都會受到考驗。

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE影片開始)

SUZANNE E. SPAULDING, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY: This is really the heart of our cyber security efforts here. 

國土安全部，SUZANNE E. SPAULDING：這真的是網路安全工作的核心。

DEBORAH FEYERICK, CNN CORRESPONDENT: How vulnerable is the United States to some sort of massive critical infrastructure event?
CNN特派記者DEBORAH FEYERICK：對於某種大規模的關鍵基礎建設事件，美國有多脆弱？

SPAULDING: We operate on the assumption that that kind of an event could happen at any time. We are seeing a constant strain of folks trying to breach our networks, our systems across the country.

SPAULDING：我們是在假設那樣的事件隨時都有可能發生的情況下運作的，我們設想(我們)持續處於人們試圖要破壞我們全國的網路還有系統的這樣緊張狀態下。

All the time, all day, seven days a week, there`s the potential there for adversaries to get into those control systems. Those systems that really run machinery whether it`s gates on dams or parts of the electric grid across our sectors that could have physical consequences.

時時刻刻，一天到晚，一周七天，都存在著敵人進入那些控制系統的可能，那些系統真的是靠機器設備運作的，(機器設備)不管是水壩上的閘門還是我們部門的部分的電網，（系統被潛入）都有可能造成造成實際的嚴重後果。

Electricity and water and transportation, our financial services sector - most of those are actually owned by the private sector - they are not owned by the government. And the private sector has a responsibility, and we do everything we can to assist them.
電力、水、交通運輸和我們的財務服務部門，其實大部分是私有部門所擁有的，它們是不屬於政府所有的，私有部門要負起責任，而我們會盡我們所能去協助它們。

FEYERICK: Do you think that the private sector is - the level it needs to be at given the number of cyber-attacks you see every single day?
FEYERICK:你認為私有部門是有到需要統計每一天所見的網路攻擊的程度嗎？

SPAULDING: No, it`s not. But it`s getting better every day. Here we`ve got an Amber, which tells us that there`s some activity, potentially, with regard to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
SPAULDING:並不是，但它一天比一天變得更好，我們有一個琥珀色的（區塊）告訴我們，關於美國國家航空及航天局可能有些活動。

FEYERICK: Some people have described this as significant as knowing about the hijackers pre-9/11. Is that the risk in vulnerability that we are at right now?
FEYERICK:有些人形容這和在911事件前預先得知劫機者一樣重要，我們現在處於致命性的風險上嗎？

SPAULDING: What we are worried about in 9/11, was a failure to connect the dots. What we are trying to do here in the NCCIC is to connect as many of these dots as we can. We are fighting this fight day in and day out, on a collaborative basis, and with - with every intention to prevent that kind of catastrophic outcome.
SPAULDING:我們對於911事件關心的是將點連結起來的失敗，我們在美國國家網絡安全和通信集成中心（NCCIC）正在試著做的事就是，盡我們可能連結起更多的點，我們正在日以繼夜的進行這場戰鬥，以合作為基礎，且加上所有預防慘重後果的意圖。
(END VIDEOTAPE影片結束)

AZUZ: It was delay today, but NASA`s latest space capsule named Orion, did get off the ground. It launched Friday from Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Orion flew around the Earth two times at 4.5 hours. And it splashed down in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Northern Mexico, the mission a success.

在今天已經延遲了，但NASA名叫Orion的最新太空船已經離開地面，它於星期五在佛羅里達州甘迺迪太空中心發射，Orion在4.5個小時環繞了地球兩次，然後就掉落在太平洋墨西哥北海岸，成功達成任務。

Orion`s designed to carry as many as six astronauts, but there was no one aboard on the $370 million test flight. It was done to make sure the craft could get in the space and back down to Earth before anyone actually travels on it.

Orion設計成能容納最多6名太空人，但是要價37億的測試飛行並沒有人在船上，要做這次的測試是為了在人們實際搭乘它之前確定飛行器能到達外太空並返回地球。
NASA`s administrator called the flight day one of the Mars era. It`s hope that Orion will ultimately carry humans to the red planet and maybe an asteroid. But some lawmakers and scientists have criticized that idea for being too expensive and risky.

NASA的管理者稱這次飛行為火星時代的第一天，期望Orion最後能夠帶著人類到紅色行星(火星)或者可能是海星，但有些立法者和科學家批評這個想法太過昂貴和冒險。

[SHOUTOUT]
Time for "The Shoutout." Saccharine, sucralose and aspartame are all types of what? If you think you know it, shout it out! Are they gasoline additives, food preservatives, chemical salts or artificial sweeteners? You`ve got three seconds, go! They are all artificial and they are all sweet. Hundreds of times sweeter than sugar. That`s your answer and that`s your "Shoutout."
到了” The Shoutout”單元的時間。、三氯蔗糖和阿斯巴甜是甚麼東西的種類？如果你覺得你知道，就大聲的講出來！是汽油添加劑、食品防腐劑、化學鹽或是人造甜味劑？你有三秒鐘，開始吧！他們都是人工的而且都很甜，比砂糖還要甜上好幾百倍，這是你的答案，這就是你的shoutout。

So, while they are not natural, artificial sweeteners are chemical compounds. They are sweet. They can be used in everything from gum to yoghurt. Cupcakes to diet sodas. And they have no calories in many cases unlike actual sugar, which has about 16 calories in a teaspoon. But does that mean the artificial stuff is healthier and that it will help you lose weight? Not necessarily.

所以它們不是自然的，人造甜味劑是化學混合物，它們很甜，可以被用在任何東西像是從口香糖到優格，杯子蛋糕到無糖汽水，而且在許多情況下它們不含任何卡路里不像真正的糖，一茶匙含有16卡路里，但這代表人工的東西比較健康且能幫助你減重嗎？這可不一定。

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE影片開始)
DHANI JONES: Let`s talk about diet sodas. You see them everywhere, from people who look like they might be trying to lose weight to people who clearly just love the drinks. But are they actually living up to their diet name? What is exactly in diet soda? What does it do to our bodies? Does it actually help us lose weight? 
DHANI JONES:我們來說說健怡可樂，你在每個地方都看的到，從看起來可能想要減肥的人到僅僅只是喜歡喝可樂的人，但健怡可樂真的有名符其實嗎？健怡可樂裡面實際上是什麼？它對我們的身體有什麼影響？它真的能幫助我們瘦身嗎？

There are five different kinds of FDA approved artificial sweeteners and when you pick up a diet soda, the sweetener you most likely to guzzle down is aspartame, which is composite of two amino acids - aspartic acid and phenylalanine. Got it?

美國食品及藥物管理局認可有五種不同的人工增甜劑，而當你選擇一瓶健怡可樂時，你大口吞下肚的增甜劑最有可能是阿斯巴甜，這是由兩種胺基酸合成而得－天門冬胺酸和苯丙氨酸，了解了嗎？

Now, one of the more popular rumors about the sweeteners and diet soda is that it can cause cancer. And while there have been a few studies that linked different sweeteners to cancer in rats, scientists don`t think there`s the same risk in humans, but this doesn`t mean that this fake sugars don`t do some funky stuff to our bodies.

目前，關於增甜劑和健怡可樂最熱門的流傳之一是它可能致癌，然而有些關於不同增甜劑在老鼠體內致癌的研究，科學家不認為在人體內也會有相同的風險，但是這不代表這種假的糖不會對我們的身體有些奇怪的影響。

Sweeteners such as aspartame actually trigger our body`s taste receptions and trick them into believing it`s sugar. So, according to researchers at Purdue University, artificial sweeteners and diet sodas fulfill your body sensory craving for sweets, and as advertised, they don`t deliver the calories.

實際上，像是阿斯巴甜的增甜劑觸發我們身體的味覺接受，並且騙它們相信這是糖，所以，根據普渡大學的調查者，人工增甜劑和健怡可樂實現你身體對甜味的知覺渴望，而且像廣告說的，它們不會產生熱量。

But this is the problem. Diet sodas are actually crying wolf to your body. When this happens, your body becomes confused about how to respond when it`s expected to be sugar and doesn`t get it. This has real physiological effects and your body doesn`t release the hormone that regulates blood pressure and blood sugar.
但是這個問題，健怡可樂是真的會發假警報給你的身體，當這樣的情況發生時，你的身體開始困惑要怎麼反應，當它預期那是糖，而卻沒得到糖，這有實質的生理影響，而你的身體沒有釋放調節血壓和血糖的賀爾蒙。

Also, these sweeteners weaken the reward center of the brain which could actually lead to increased appetite and over indulgence on real sweets. So, the study found that artificial sweeteners can actually lead to weight gains. That`s not what I signed up for.

此外，這些增甜劑減弱頭腦的獎賞中樞，可能真的會導致食慾增加、過度沉溺真的甜劑，因此，這項研究發現人工甜劑可能會導致體重增加，這並不是我要的結果。

Now, it`s worth noting that the American Beverage Association has disputed the reports calling it "An Opinion Piece". In the meantime, it`s probably best to enjoy your favorite soda. Diet or not, in moderation. 
目前，值得一提的是，美國飲品協會對這份報告提出質疑，表示這只是片面之詞，此時，可能是享用你最愛的汽水的最佳時刻，節食與否，都要適度（地喝）。
(END VIDEOTAPE影片結束)

AZUZ: On the list of animals you probably didn`t know could swim, there`s this owl: the great horned owl is doing the butterfly stroke across Lake Michigan. Two pilgrim (ph) falcons reportedly swoop down on the owl`s tree and forced it into the water.

AZUZ:你可能不知道在動物列表中會游泳的，有一種貓頭鷹，大雕鴞正以蝶式經過密西根湖，據報導，兩隻旅行中的獵鷹從大雕鴞的樹上俯衝下來，迫使大雕鴞進入水中。

So, it just swam for a while, until someone helped it out with a metal detector. After a rest from the swim and a break from the falcons, they owl eventually made its way back to the trees. Don`t know if he had done that before or if it`s just kind of wing it.

而它只游了一會兒，直到有人用金屬探測器幫它浮出水面，在游泳時休息了一下並掙脫獵鷹之後，他們全部【雙關-1】終於回到樹上，不知道它以前有沒有這麼做過，或者它只是臨時發揮【雙關-2】。

Swimming is definitely not for the birds, like it or not, a gun away, every time that Falcons attacked, they Michigan. Maybe the owl`s technique could use some Phelps (ph), but it`s got the escape - all locked it up, and then we`ve got to dug out today. I`ll see you tomorrow on CNN STUDENT NEWS.
游泳絕對不是鳥兒們的專長，(不管)喜歡與否，(必須)逃跑【雙關-3】每次獵鷹攻擊都會錯過【雙關-4】，或許貓頭鷹的技術會有些幫助【雙關-5】，但它逃跑，全部鎖好，然後我們今天要把它挖出來，明天在CNNSTUDENT NEWS再見，。

END 

【雙關】

1. owl雙關all

2.wing it 有臨時發揮及展翅飛翔之意

3.gun away(遠離被狩獵) 雙關gone away(逃走)叫

4. Michigan(這個影片是發生在密西根州)雙關miss again(錯過)

5.Phelps為美國游泳運動員麥可·菲爾普斯；雙關help

(註一)塔利班Taliban維基百科 http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%A1%94%E5%88%A9%E7%8F%AD 

(註二)蓋達組織al Qaeda http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94