Migrant crisis: Migration to Europe explained in seven charts 移居危機：用七張圖表來說明前往歐洲的移居
More than a million migrants and refugees crossed into Europe in 2015, sparking a crisis as countries struggled to cope with the influx, and creating division in the EU over how best to deal with resettling people.
在2015年有超過一百萬名移居者和難民進入到歐洲，國家都很艱難地應對著湧入的人潮而引發了危機，使歐盟內部在如何才能很好地安置人民上產生分歧。
The vast majority arrived by sea but some migrants have made their way over land, principally via Turkey and Albania.
大多數移居者是從海上抵達，但有些人是跨越了國土，主要是經過土耳其和阿爾巴尼亞。
Winter has not stemmed the flow of people - with 135,711 people reaching Europe by sea since the start of 2016, according to the UNHCR.
冬天並沒有使人潮減少，根據聯合國難民署(UNHCR)，從2016年初開始有135,711人從海上抵達歐洲。
1. Which countries are migrants from?
移居者是來自哪些國家？
The conflict in Syria continues to be by far the biggest driver of migration. But the ongoing violence in Afghanistan and Iraq, abuses in Eritrea, as well as poverty in Kosovo, are also leading people to look for new lives elsewhere.
敘利亞內戰依然是移居最大的主因，但阿富汗及伊拉克持續的衝突、厄利垂亞的迫害、科索沃的貧困也促使人們到別的地方尋找新生活。
 |
| Top10 origins of people applying for asylum in the EU 前十大向歐盟尋求庇護的移居者來源國 |
2. Where are migrants going?
移居者的去向？
Although not all of those arriving in Europe choose to claim asylum, many do. Germany received the highest number of new asylum applications in 2015, with more than 476,000.
雖然不是所有抵達歐洲的人都選擇尋求庇護，還是有許多人這樣做，德國在2015年收到最大量的新庇護申請，數量超過476,000個。
But far more people have arrived in the country - German officials said more than a million had been counted in Germany's "EASY" system for counting and distributing people before they make asylum claims.
但遠遠有更多人抵達，德國官方表示在他們尋求庇護前，有超過一百萬人被計入德國難民分配系統「EASY」（Erstverteilung von Asylbegehrenden）中，用來計算和分配人民。
Hungary moved into second place for asylum applications, as more migrants made the journey overland through Greece and the Western Balkans. It had 177,130 applications by the end of December.
匈牙利有第二多的庇護申請，因為有更多的移居者橫跨陸地經過希臘和西巴爾幹半島，到12月底為止有177,130個申請。
 |
| Asylum claims in Europe, 2015 2015向歐洲尋求庇護的數量 |
移居者如何抵達歐洲？
The International Organization for Migration (IOM) estimates that more than 1,011,700 migrants arrived by sea in 2015, and almost 34,900 by land.
國際移民組織(IOM)估計在2015年有超過1,011,700名移居者從海上抵達，而有將近34,900名從陸上抵達。
This compares with 280,000 arrivals by land and sea for the whole of 2014. The figures do not include those who got in undetected.
與2014年一整年從陸上和海上抵達的280,000名形成了對比，這個數據並沒有包括未被發現的移居者。
The EU's external border force, Frontex, monitors the different routes migrants use and numbers arriving at Europe's borders and put the figure crossing into Europe in 2015 at more than 1,800,000.
歐洲國際邊界管理署Frontex監控移居者行經的不同路線和抵達歐洲邊境的數量，並公布數據指出在2015年有超過1,800,000名移居者進入歐洲。
Most of those heading for Greece take the relatively short voyage from Turkey to the islands of Kos, Chios, Lesvos and Samos - often in flimsy rubber dinghies or small wooden boats.
大部分前往希臘的人會選擇相對來說較短的航行路線，從土耳其到科斯島、希俄斯、列斯伏斯島和薩摩斯島，通常是坐薄橡皮艇或小木船。
 |
| Migrants detected entering the EU illegally, 2014-2015 在2014年到2015年間被發現違法進入歐洲的移居者 |
過程有多危險？
According to the IOM, more than 3,770 migrants were reported to have died trying to cross the Mediterranean in 2015.
根據國際移民組織(IOM) 報導，在2015年有超過3,770名移居者在試圖跨越地中海地區的途中喪命。
Most died on the crossing from north Africa to Italy, and more than 800 died in the Aegean crossing from Turkey to Greece.
大部分是在從北非跨越到義大利時喪命，而有超過800人從土耳其跨越到希臘時在愛琴海死亡。
The summer months are usually when most fatalities occur as it is the busiest time for migrants attempting to reach Europe.
通常在夏季月份會有最多的死亡人數，因為是移居者試圖前往歐洲最忙碌的期間。
But in 2015, the deadliest month for migrants was April, which saw a boat carrying about 800 people capsize in the sea off Libya. Overcrowding is thought to have been one of the reasons for the disaster.
但是在2015年，對移居者來說最致命的月份是四月，那時一艘載著約800人的船在利比亞的海上發生翻船事故，過度擁擠被認為是災難的原因之一。
 |
| Migrant deaths in the Mediterranean by month 每個月在地中海死亡的移居者數量 |
哪些歐洲國家受到最大的影響？
Although Germany has had the most asylum applications in 2015, Hungary had the highest in proportion to its population, despite having closed its border with Croatia in an attempt to stop the flow in October. Nearly 1,800 refugees per 100,000 of Hungary's local population claimed asylum in 2015.
雖然德國在2015年有最多的庇護申請，匈牙利內移居者佔人口數比例卻是最高的，儘管它和克羅埃西亞為了阻止人口湧入，已經在十月關閉了邊境，在2015年每100,000名匈牙利當地居民就有約1,800位難民申請庇護。
Sweden followed close behind with 1,667 per 100,000.
瑞典以每100,000人中有1,667名難民的數據緊追在後。
The figure for Germany was 587 and for the UK it was 60 applications for every 100,000 residents. The EU average was 260.
德國的數據為587人，而英國每100,000位居民中就有60份申請，歐洲的平均數據為260人。
 |
| Asylum applications per 100,000 local population, 2015 在2015年，每100,000名當地人中申請庇護的數量 |
歐洲如何應對？
Tensions in the EU have been rising because of the disproportionate burden faced by some countries, particularly the countries where the majority of migrants have been arriving: Greece, Italy and Hungary.
因為一些國家面臨分配不均的負擔，歐盟的緊張局勢正在升高，特別是那些大部分移居者抵達的國家：希臘、義大利和匈牙利。
In September, EU ministers voted by a majority to relocate 160,000 refugees EU-wide, but for now the plan will only apply to those who are in Italy and Greece.
在九月，歐盟部長們以多數票通過決議要重新安置歐盟範圍內的160,000名難民，但目前這個計畫只會應用在義大利和希臘的難民身上。
Another 54,000 were to be moved from Hungary, but the Hungarian government rejected this plan and will instead receive more migrants from Italy and Greece as part of the relocation scheme.
其他54,000人將會遷移出匈牙利，但匈牙利政府拒絕此項計畫，反而還要接收更多來自義大利和希臘的移居者，形成遷移計畫的一部分。
The UK has opted out of any plans for a quota system but, according to Home Office figures, 1,000 Syrian refugees were resettled under the Vulnerable Persons Relocation scheme in 2015. Prime Minister David Cameron has said the UK will accept up to 20,000 refugees from Syria over the next five years.
英國決定不加入任何配額制計畫，但根據英國內政部數據顯示，在2015年有1,000名敘利亞難民透過《弱勢人士安置計畫》得以定居，英國首相David Cameron表示英國在未來五年將會接受至多20,000名來自敘利亞的難民。
 |
| EU member state migrant quotas 歐盟成員訂下的移居配額 Number of people countries have agreed to relocate from Greece and Italy 國家同意重新安置來自希臘和義大利的人數 |
有多少庇護申請被核准？
Although huge numbers have been applying for asylum, the number of people being given asylum is far lower.
雖然申請庇護的數量很龐大，但得到庇護的人數遠低於申請數。
In 2015, EU countries offered asylum to 292,540 refugees. In the same year, more than a million migrants applied for asylum - although applying for asylum can be a lengthy procedure so many of those given refugee status may have applied in previous years.
在2015年，歐盟國家提供292,540位難民庇護，同年，有超過一百萬名移居者申請庇護，雖然申請庇護會是一個漫長的程序，但是有很多被給予難民身分的人在幾年前就申請了。
 |
| Asylum applications approved 2015 2015年核准的庇護申請數 |
原文網址：http://goo.gl/WCNf9O
