More obese people in the world than underweight, says study 研究指出，在世界上過重的人比過輕的還要多
There are now more adults in the world classified as obese than underweight, a major study has suggested.
專業研究指出，目前世上被列為過重的成人比過輕的還要多。
The research, led by scientists from Imperial College London and published in The Lancet, compared body mass index (BMI) among almost 20 million adult men and women from 1975 to 2014.
由倫敦帝國學院的科學家所主導，並刊登在《柳葉刀醫學期刊》的這份研究對1975年到2014年間約2千萬名成人男女的身體質量指數(BMI)進行對照。
It found obesity in men has tripled and more than doubled in women.
發現過胖的男性增加了三倍，比女性的兩倍還要更多。
Lead author Prof Majid Ezzat said it was an "epidemic of severe obesity" and urged governments to act.
主筆Majid Ezzat教授表示這是個「嚴重過胖的傳染病」，並強烈主張政府必須有所作為。
The study, which pooled data from adults in 186 countries, found that the number of obese people worldwide had risen from 105 million in 1975 to 641 million in 2014.
此研究集合了186個國家中成人的資料，發現全球過胖的人數從1975年的1億零5百萬人上升到2014年的6億4100萬人。
Meanwhile the number of underweight people had risen from 330 million to 462 million over the same period.
同時，在相同的期間內，過輕的人數也從3億3千萬人上升到4億6200萬人。
'Crisis point' 危機點
Global obesity rates among men went up from 3.2% in 1975 to 10.8%, while among women they rose from 6.4 % in 1975 to 14.9%.
全球男性的過胖率從1975年的3.2%上升到10.8%，而女性則是從1975年的6.4%上升到14.9%。
This equates to 266 million obese men and 375 million obese women in the world in 2014, the study said.
研究指出，這個數據等同於在2014年世上有2億6600萬名過胖的男性及3億7500萬名過胖的女性。
The research also predicted that the probability of reaching the World Health Organization's global obesity target - which aims for no rise in obesity above 2010 levels by 2025 - would be "close to zero".
研究預測，世界衛生組織對於全球過重在2025年前過胖的數據不會超過2010年標準的目標，達成的可能性幾乎為零。
The clinical definition of obese is a BMI - a measurement that relates weight and height - of 30 kilograms per metre squared (kg/m2).
在臨床上是用BMI來定義過重，BMI是一個與體重和身高有關聯的測量方法，每平方公尺為30公斤(公斤/平方公尺)。
Prof Ezzati said: "Our research has shown that over 40 years we have transitioned from a world in which underweight prevalence was more than double that of obesity, to one in which more people are obese than underweight.
Ezzati教授表示：「我們的研究顯示經過了40年，我們從一個普遍過輕比過胖多兩倍以上的世界，轉變為過胖的人多於過輕的地方。
"Although it is reassuring that the number of underweight individuals has decreased over the last four decades, global obesity has reached crisis point."
「雖然能確定的是過輕的人數在近40年來有所減少，但全球過胖的數量已經達到危機點。」
"We hope these findings create an imperative to shift responsibility from the individual to governments and to develop and implement policies to address obesity."
「我們希望這些發現能將這個必要的責任從個人轉移到政府上，並制定及落實政策以解決過胖的問題。」
"For instance, unless we make healthy food options like fresh fruits and vegetables affordable for everyone and increase the price of unhealthy processed foods, the situation is unlikely to change."
「例如：除非我們將健康食物如新鮮蔬果的價格調為大家都負擔得起，而提高不健康的加工食品的價格，否則情況很難改善。」
The
research also found:
研究也發現：
w More obese men and women now live in China and the USA than in any
other country
w 比起其他國家，在中國和美國有更多過胖的男女。
w Women in the UK have the third highest BMI in Europe and the 10th
highest for men
w 英國女性的BMI值是歐洲內第三高的，男性為第十高。
w Almost a fifth of the world's obese adults - 118 million - live in
only six high-income English-speaking countries - Australia, Canada, Republic
of Ireland, New Zealand, UK, and the US
w 世界上幾乎有五分之一的過胖成人(1億1千8百萬人)都是住在這六個高收入的英語系國家，澳洲、加拿大、愛爾蘭、紐西蘭、英國和美國。
w By 2025, the UK is projected to have the highest levels of obese
women in Europe (38%), followed by Republic of Ireland (37%) and Malta (34%)
w 到2025年，英國被預測會成為歐洲內過胖女性最多的國家(38%)，接著是愛爾蘭(37%)和馬爾他(34%)。
w Being underweight remains a significant health problem in countries
such as India and Bangladesh
The team also examined the number of people who are underweight, and over the same time period the study suggested the rates had fallen from 14% to 9% in men, and 15% to 10% in women.
研究團隊也調查了過輕的人數，在同一期間內，研究顯示男性的過輕率從14%降為9%，女性從15%降至10%。
Prof George Davey Smith from the School of Social and Community Medicine at the University of Bristol writes in the same journal of the danger of becoming "a fatter, healthier, but more unequal world".
布里斯托大學社會與社區醫學系的George Davey Smith教授在同個期刊中寫道：「變成一個更胖、更健康，但更不平等的世界之危險」。
"A focus on obesity at the expense of recognition of the substantial remaining burden of under-nutrition threatens to divert resources away from disorders that affect the poor to those that are more likely to affect the wealthier in low income countries," he said.
他表示：「關注肥胖卻忽略了營養不良的威脅仍是嚴重負擔的認知，導致在低收入國家將資源從發生在窮人上的疾病轉移到那些有錢人上。」
 |
| There are 7.7 million obese women in the UK, the study indicated. 研究指出英國過胖的女性有770萬名。 |
研究中其他統計數據：
w China has the largest number of obese people in the world with 43.2
million men and 46.4 million women
w 中國過胖人數是世界上最多的，男性有4320萬名，女性有4640萬名。
w The US has 41.7 million obese men and 46.1 million obese women
w 美國過胖的男性有4170萬名，過胖的女性有4610萬名。
w In comparison in the UK the study found 6.8 million obese men in
2014, and 7.7 million obese women
w 研究發現相較之下，在2014年英國過胖的男性有680萬名，過胖的女性有770萬名。
Jamie Blackshaw, National lead for Obesity and Healthy Weight, Public Health England, said:
英格蘭公共衛生署過胖和健康體重的領導人Jamie Blackshaw表示：
"People who are overweight and obese suffer life-changing consequences and it costs the NHS more than £6 billion a year. The causes of obesity are complex and the environment we live in encourages poor diets and low levels of physical activity.
「過重和肥胖的人因為生活發生了改變而受苦，這讓英國國家健保局(NHS)一年內需要花費超過60億英鎊。造成過胖的原因很複雜，而且我們住的環境促使我們有不良的飲食習慣和缺乏運動。」
"There is no single solution, we have to address the many factors that drive up obesity levels. We all - government, industry, local authorities and the public - have a role to play in that.
「這並沒有單一的解決方法，我們必須探討使過胖數量增加的許多因素，我們所有人─政府、產業、地方當局和大眾─都能發揮作用。」
"That's why we're supporting the government to develop its childhood obesity strategy, we're running the world's first national diabetes prevention programme and we're currently piloting, with local councils and Leeds Beckett University, a whole systems approach to tackling obesity."
「這就是為什麼我們支持政府制定幼年肥胖的策略，我們正在進行世上第一個國家糖尿病預防的計畫，而且目前我們和地方議會及利茲貝克特大學正在對用於對付過胖問題的一個完整系統方法進行試驗。」
原文網址：http://goo.gl/UMUu5x
