Boko Haram crisis: 'Huge rise' in child suicide bombers 博科聖地危機：兒童自殺炸彈客爆增
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| This 15-year-old was abducted and forced to be a militant's wife until freed by Cameroon's army. 這個15歲的孩子被綁架並強迫成為武裝份子的妻子，直到被喀麥隆軍隊解救才獲得自由。 |
聯合國兒童基金會表示在去年間被博科聖地作為炸彈客的孩童持續增加，現在在五件自殺式攻擊中就有一起是孩童所為。
Girls, who are often drugged, were behind
three-quarters of such attacks committed by the militant Islamist group in
Cameroon, Nigeria and Chad.
在位於喀麥隆、奈及利亞和查德的伊斯蘭軍事組織所進行的這種攻擊中，有將近四分之三為女孩所為，她們多半被藥物控制。
It is an 11-fold increase with four attacks
in 2014 compared to 44 the next year, including January 2016.
比起2014年的4起攻擊，已成長了11倍，增加至隔年的44起(包括2016一月在內)。
The change in tactics reflects the loss of
territory in Nigeria by the group.
這種手段的改變反映出在奈及利亞的組織喪失了領土。
The seven-year insurgency, which has mainly
affected north-eastern Nigeria as well as its neighbours around Lake Chad, has
left some 17,000 people dead.
七年間的暴動已使17,000人死亡，主要影響到奈及利亞東北部和在查德湖附近的鄰居。
Unicef says up to 1.3 million children have
been forced from their homes across four countries: Cameroon, Chad, Nigeria and
Niger.
聯合國兒童基金會表示有多達130萬名孩童被強迫從這四個國家離開他們的家園：喀麥隆、查德、奈及利亞和尼日。
More
on Boko Haram's teenage bombers:
更多關於博科聖地的青少年炸彈客：
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Hauwa: "They said since I refused to re-marry, I should take the bomb"
Hauwa：「他們說因為我拒絕再婚，所以我必須進行炸彈攻擊。」
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The UN report
has been released as Nigeria approaches the second anniversary of the
kidnapping by Boko Haram of more than 200 girls from their boarding school in
the Nigerian town of Chibok.
聯合國的報導在博科聖地綁架奈及利亞奇博克鎮寄宿學校的200多名女學生事件快滿兩周年時發布。
Their abduction sparked the global campaign
Bring Back Our Girls, but none of the girls have yet been found.
他們遭到綁架引起了全球發起「把女孩還給我們」的運動，但至今尚未找到她們。
The report, Beyond Chibok,
says that boys abducted and recruited into Boko Haram's ranks are forced to
attack their own families to demonstrate their loyalty.
包括奇博克鎮在內，報導也表示被綁架和招募進博科聖地軍隊的男孩，被迫要攻擊他們自己的家人以證明他們的忠誠。
Girls are exposed to severe abuse including
sexual violence and forced marriage to fighters.
女孩遭受到嚴厲的虐待，包括性暴力和被強迫與戰士結婚。
A 17-year-old girl who was abducted and is
living with her baby in a camp in the Nigerian city of Maiduguri told Unicef
that she refused to marry despite death threats.
一名被綁架的17歲女孩，現在和她的寶寶住在奈及利亞邁杜古里的營地中，她告訴聯合國兒童基金會，儘管受到死亡威脅，她還是拒絕結婚。
"Then they came for me at night. They
kept me locked in a house for over a month and told me: 'Whether you like it or
not, we have already married you.'"
接著他們在晚上的時候來找我，把我鎖在一間屋子裡長達一個多月，並告訴我：「無論你喜歡與否，我們已經結婚了。」
She says she has often been ostracised
since her escape by other women who accuse her of being a "Boko Haram
wife".
她說自從她逃出來之後就時常被其他女人排斥，她們譴責她為「博科聖地的妻子」。
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Boko Haram bombers:151suicide attacks in 2015 博科聖地的炸彈客：在2015年有151起自殺式攻擊
One in five were by children 有五分之一為孩童所為
75% of children used were girls 在這些孩童中有75%為女性
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The girls who are used by Boko Haram for
bombings are often drugged and then explosives are strapped to their bodies.
那些被博科聖地拿來當炸彈客的女孩多半都被藥物控制，接著把炸藥綑綁在她們身上。
According to the report, Cameroon has the
highest number of child suicide attacks, involving children who are as young as
eight.
根據報導，喀麥隆的兒童自殺攻擊是最多的，年紀最小的只有八歲。
"As 'suicide' attacks involving
children become commonplace, some communities are starting to see children as
threats to their safety," Unicef's Manuel Fontaine said in a statement.
聯合國兒童基金會的Manuel Fontaine在聲明中表示：「隨著兒童自殺式攻擊變得越來越平常，某些社會開始將兒童視為對他們安全的威脅。」
"This suspicion towards children can
have destructive consequences; how can a community rebuild itself when it is
casting out its own sisters, daughters and mothers?"
這項對孩童的疑心可能會帶來破壞性的後果；當一個社會驅逐他的姊妹、女兒和母親，他該如何重建？
Boko Haram, which means "Western
education is forbidden", has often targeted schools during its insurgency.
博科聖地的意思為「禁止西方教育」，他們時常將學校鎖定為暴動的目標。
Education hit by Boko Haram:
博科聖地使教育受到的打擊： |
| Some children are able to go to school in refugee camps 一些孩童能到難民營中的學校上學 |
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Insecurity and attacks have
kept more than 670,000 children out of the classrooms for
more than a year
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不安全和攻擊使得超過67萬名孩童持續一年以上沒辦法上學
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More than 1,800 schools remain
closed
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超過1,800間學校持續關閉中
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Many teachers fear returning to
the classroom and parents are also scared of sending their children back to
school
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許多老師不敢回到教室，家長也害怕將他們的孩子送回學校
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Last year, more than 250,000
children were able to return to schools in conflict-affected areas in
north-east Nigeria
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去年在奈及利亞東北部受衝突影響的地區有超過25萬名孩童能重返校園
Source: Unicef 來源：聯合國兒童基金會Unicef says more than 1,800 schools have been closed, damaged, looted, set on fire or used to shelter those left homeless in north-eastern Nigeria and Cameroon.
聯合國兒童基金會表示有超過1,800間學校關閉、損毀、遭掠奪、被放火或被用來安置那些奈及利亞東南部及喀麥隆無家可歸的人。
Children have also been separated by from their parents during the conflict, with Unicef putting the figure at more than 5,000.
孩童在衝突發生期間也被迫與父母分離，聯合國兒童基金會所給的數據有超過5,000人。
Over the last 15 months, most of the areas controlled by the militants have been retaken by a multi-national force and the militants are now thought to operate from hideouts in Nigeria's Sambisa forest, near the border with Cameroon.
在過去15個月間，被武裝份子控制的大部分地區又被多國勢力重新奪回，而現在人們認為這些武裝份子想要從他們的隱匿處，靠近喀麥隆邊界的奈及利亞薩姆比薩森林出發。
The report says the frequency
of all suicide bombings increased from 32 in 2014 to 151 last year, giving this
breakdown:
記者表示自殺炸彈攻擊的頻率從2014年的32起增加為去年的151起，以下為詳細數據：
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89 in Nigeria
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在奈及利亞有89起
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39 in Cameroon
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在喀麥隆有39起
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16 in Chad
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在查德有16起
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Seven in Niger.
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在尼日有7起
Boko Haram at a glance:
一覽博科聖地：
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| Boko Haram fighters still appear well armed in recent propaganda videos 博科聖地的戰士在最近的宣傳影片中依舊是全副武裝 |
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博科聖地創立於2002年，一開始專注於反對西方教育，在豪薩語的意思為「禁止西方教育」
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Launched military operations in
2009
w 在2009年展開軍事行動
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Thousands killed, mostly in
north-eastern Nigeria, hundreds abducted, including at least 200 schoolgirls
w 有數千人被殺害，大部分都在奈及利亞東北部，包括至少200名女學生在內，有數百人被綁架
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Joined so-called Islamic State,
now calls itself IS's "West African province"
w 加入所謂的伊斯蘭國，現在他們自稱為IS的「西非省」
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Seized large area in north-east,
where it declared caliphate
w 占領東北部龐大的地區，也就是宣布哈里發(伊斯蘭政權最高統治者)的地方
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Regional force has retaken most
territory last year
w 地區勢力在去年重新奪回大部分領土
原文網址：http://goo.gl/z396nG
