California is officially embracing the self-driving car 加州正式擁抱自動駕駛車
The
California government, long cautious with self-driving cars, has changed its
tune.
一直對於自駕車保持謹慎態度的加州政府已經改變了他們的立場。
The
state DMV issued proposed rules for the testing and deployment of fully
self-driving vehicles Friday. The news appears to clear the way for cars with
an empty driver's seat to operate on state roads by year's end.
加州車輛管理局(DMV)在星期五針對全自動駕駛車輛的測試和部署發佈了擬議條例，消息顯示，年底將會讓駕駛座上空無一人的汽車在省道上行駛。
"This
is a big deal," said Jason Orr, an attorney who follows autonomous vehicle
law at O'Melveny & Myers. "Despite being more sensitive than other
states, at the end of the day, it will potentially result in widescale deployment
of autonomous vehicles."
「這是一件大事，」律師事務所O'Melveny & Myers 律師賈森·奧爾（Jason Orr）根據自駕車條款表示，「儘管（加州）在法律上比其他州更敏感，但到最後，加州很有可能會大量部署自駕車輛。」
California's
DMV had long frustrated the self-driving car industry, which felt state
regulators were holding back innovation that could improve public safety. The
DMV previously missed a deadline for autonomous vehicle rules. And when it
released rules in December 2015, it excluded fully self-driving vehicles,
citing safety concerns.
加州車輛管理局長期以來一直阻撓自駕車產業，業界認為州立監管機構過去一直在扯可以改善公共安全新科技的後腿，加州車輛管理局之前錯過了自駕車條款的最後期限，他們在2015年12月發佈條款時，因為安全問題把完全自動駕駛車輛給排除在外。
Over
the years, some companies, such as Google (GOOGL, Tech30) and Uber, resorted to shifting tests outside their
home state.
這些年來，有些公司像是谷歌或是Uber就將車輛測試轉移到他們故鄉省份的地方。
The
California DMV has wrestled for years with how to comfortably sign off on a
self-driving car operating on public streets. While experts agree that
self-driving cars will eventually be far safer than human drivers, autonomous
vehicles will not immediately be flawless or even better than a human. Governments
worldwide are struggling with how to certify that a fully autonomous vehicle
allowed to drive on public roads is safe enough.
多年來，加州車輛管理局努力鑽研要如何適當的同意讓自駕車在大街上運行，就算專家同意自駕車終將遠比人類駕駛來的更安全，自駕車輛離完美或是甚至優於人類駕駛還有一段距離，各國政府一直在掙扎要如何確保一輛可以在公路上行駛的完全自駕車夠安全
The
DMV previously considered using a third party to examine vehicle data, or
external test tracks for autonomous vehicles. But Friday it revealed it would
allow manufacturers to self-certify that their vehicles are safe, a move that
follows in the footsteps of the current federal government plan for autonomous
vehicles.
加州車輛管理局先前在考慮要委託第三方檢驗自駕車輛資料或是外部測試跑道，但是在星期五時，他們表示會准許生產商自行認證他們的車輛是否安全，這樣的舉動是起源於近期聯邦政府針對自駕車的規劃。
In
a sense, the licensing process for a robot that wants to drive on California
roads is more lax than what a human driver seeking a license must go through.
Humans must pass a state driver's test. The makers of self-driving cars must
just provide a safety assessment letter to the state.
就某種層面來說，想要在加州路上開車的機器人要考駕照的過程比起人類的還要更寬鬆，人類必須要通過國家的駕駛考試，自駕車的製造商必須提供安全測量表給國家。
In
a briefing with reporters, California DMV deputy director Brian Soublet
downplayed the different approaches to putting humans and robots on public
roads.
在跟記者簡報時，加州車輛管理局的副主任Brian Soublet輕描淡寫地描述了人和機器人考駕照時的差異。
"It's
a minimal test. It's basically seeing that they have the skills to operate the
vehicle," Soublet said the driver's test for humans. "And there's all
of the post-licensing discipline that goes with it. We believe that that same
type of a structure is being established here."
Soublet在講人類的駕照考試時說道：「這是最基本的測試，基本上這是為了要了解他們駕駛車輛的能力。」「而且這也有事後允許的條款，我們相信在這點上，會建立相同種類的架構」
Just
as the DMV can revoke a human's license, it can also revoke a company's ability
to operate self-driving cars on state roads, under the proposed rules. The DMV
will exercise this right if it sees recurring safety issues with a vehicle,
according to Soublet.
加州車輛管理局能夠廢除人類的駕照，擬議條例也能夠廢除公司在路上行駛自駕車的權力，根據Soublet所言，如果自駕車再發生安全問題，加州車輛管理局會行使這項權力。
The
DMV also took a step toward embracing new vehicle forms, such as a car without
a steering wheel or pedals. Under its proposed rules, the DMV will allow cars
without a steering wheel or pedals, provided that the maker has the approval of
the National Highway Traffic Safety Association.
加州車輛管理局同時也邁向接納新的車輛形式（像是沒有方向盤或是踏板的車）更邁進一步，在擬議條例之下，
在擬議條例之下，加州車輛管理局將會允許獲得國家公路交通安全管理局同意的車輛製造商製造沒有方向盤或踏板的車。
