6 things to know about the gender pay gap 關於性別薪資差異你需要知道的六件事
Equal Pay
Day is April 12 this year.
同酬日(Equal Pay Day)是今年的4月12日。
It
symbolically marks how long into the new year full-time working women need to
work until their earnings can catch up to what full-time working men earned the
year before.
這天是象徵著女性需要再持續多工作至隔年的某一天才能賺到男性工作一整年所賺的薪水。
Here are some key facts about the gender pay gap:
以下是幾個關於性別工資差異的關鍵因素：
1. Women generally earn 79 cents for every dollar men earn. 當男人賺一塊美金時，多數的女人賺79分錢。
Or 78
cents. Or 77 cents. It depends on the year, but the figure hasn't really moved
meaningfully since 2000.
或是78分錢，也有可能只賺77分錢，這隨著年份會有所差異，但是這個數字自從2000年後就沒有什麼太大的改變。
And it's
just a broad overview of women's pay based on the median annual earnings of all
full-time, year-round workers.
而且這還只是全年全職女性的平均收入中位數的大略現況而已。
It does
help capture, however, the types of barriers women face at work, said Katherine
Gallagher Robbins, director of research at the National Women's Law Center.
Those barriers include being paid less for the same work, being overrepresented
in low-wage positions, and facing wage penalties for being a mother, especially
if they take time out of the workforce.
全國婦女法律中心分析負責人凱瑟琳·加拉格爾羅賓斯(Katherine Gallagher Robbins)表示，不果如何，這的確指出了現在女人在工作方面所遇到的障礙，那些障礙包括在同工不同酬、佔據低薪職位比例過高，還有若有小孩將會面臨減薪，尤其是佔到他們的工作時間。
Race and
ethnicity can be barriers too. African-American women in 2014 were paid 60
cents for every dollar white men earned, while Hispanic women made only 55
cents, according to NWLC. Asian women, however, fared better, earning 84 cents.
人種和種族淵源也有可能是障礙，根據全國女性法律中心表示，在2014年非裔美國籍的女性在白種男人賺1塊美金時領到60分美金，而拉美裔的女性僅賺得55分美金，而亞洲女性，在相較之下較好一點，賺84塊美金。
2. The pay gap really adds up. 薪資差距確實在加大
In 2014, the
median income for men who worked full-time was $50,383. For women, it was $39,621. That $10,762 disparity works out
to $897 a month. That's money that could be very helpful in paying for rent or
food or clothes or repairs or other emergencies.
2014年，全職工作的男性的薪資中位數是50,383美元，而女性則是39,621美元，兩者間的差距10,762美元，換算下來平均一個月的差距為897美元，這些錢在付房租、買衣服或食物、付維修費或在其他緊急情況是非常有用的。
3. The gap is often much smaller if you compare like to like. 如果你拿類似的背景來比較，通常薪資差距會小很多
When you
look at the earnings of men and women with the same job title, at similar companies
with similar levels of education and experience, women still get paid less, but
the pay gap is much narrower. A recent study by Glassdoor, for instance, found
women earned 95 cents for every dollar their male colleagues doing the same job
were paid.
如果你觀察同個公司、教育程度和經驗背景相似且同樣職位的男女的收入，女人的收入相較之下還是比較低，但是薪資差距已經明顯減少了，Glassdoor近期的研究指出，在做相同的工作的情況下，男性賺1塊美金時女性能夠賺得95分美金。
It's hard
to say definitively what accounts for that nickel gap. Some of it may be due to
outright workplace bias. Some may be due to women negotiating smaller raises
than men. And some may reflect job choice. For instance, a woman with young
children may have a job with a title that reflects her seniority but opts to
work at a company that pays somewhat less in exchange for more flexibility.
很難明確地說明是什麼原因造成那幾分錢的差距，有些可能是受工作地點的影響，有些可能是因為女性在加薪上的要求比男性低，而有些則可以反應出人們不同的工作選擇，舉例來說，那些有年紀小的小孩的媽媽可能有一份與他們年資相符的工作，但是他們會選擇以較少的薪資來換得更有時間彈性的工作。
4. Still,
no industry yet offers equal pay for equal work.老樣子，仍然沒有產業在同樣的工作上付同樣的薪水
The same
Glassdoor study also found that on average women earned between 2 cents and 7
cents less for every dollar their direct male counterparts made in 25 major
industries.
Glassdoor的相同研究上還發現，在25項主要產業中，相同工作內容上男性賺1塊美金時女性平均比男性少2到7分美金。
5. Some high-skilled jobs have the worst pay gaps.某些需要高技能的工作上，有最大的薪資差距。
You might
think becoming a doctor in a specialty -- with all the training and experience
that requires -- would inoculate a woman against the pay gap.
你可能會認為成為一位需要訓練和經驗的專科醫生女性就不需要擔心薪資差距上的問題。
Apparently
not.
顯然不是如此。
Among the
most egregious examples of unequal pay for equal work in medicine: Male
ophthalmologists reported earning 36% -- or about $95,000 a year -- more than
their female counterparts, according to a recent study. The story is similar
among cardiologists: Men made 29% -- or about $97,000 a year -- more than
women.
醫學相關工作同工不同酬的幾個最壞例子中：根據近期研究指出，男性的眼科醫生比女性眼科醫生的收入高36%（相當於每年95,000美金），同樣的情況也發生在心臟病科醫生上：男性的收入比女性高出29%（相當於每年97,000美金）
Or take a
high-octane career in technology. Female computer programmers earn just 72
cents for every dollar their male counterparts get paid.
這樣的情況到科技業上也是一樣的，男性電腦工程師賺1塊美金時女性的電腦工程師僅賺得72分美金。
6. Occasionally, though, women get paid more than men.然而，偶爾，女人賺的錢比男人多
There are
some occupations -- such as social worker -- in which women actually get paid
more on average than their male colleagues.
But this
reverse pay gap is fairly narrow. For instance, women social workers earn about
$1.08 for every dollar a man earns. Compare that to, say, women pharmacists --
who earn 78 cents on the male dollar.
有一些工作，像是社會工作者，女性的平均收入就比其男性同事高，但這反轉的薪資差距就非常的低，舉例來說，女性社會工作者賺取1.08塊美金時男性工作者則是賺1塊美金，相較之下，女性藥劑師在男性藥劑師賺取1塊錢時則是轉得78分美金。
