U.S. workers face higher risk of being replaced by robots. 美國勞工面臨被機器人取代的高風險

Millions of workers around the world are at risk of losing their jobs to robots -- but Americans should be particularly worried.

世界上數百萬員工面臨工作被機器人取代的風險--但美國人最應該擔心。




Thirty-eight percent of jobs in the U.S. are at high risk of being replaced by robots and artificial intelligence over the next 15 years, according to a new report by PwC.
根據PwC（資誠聯合會計事務所）的新報告指出，美國38%的工作在未來十五年，面臨被機器人和人工智慧取代的高風險。

Meanwhile, only 30% of jobs in the U.K. are similarly endangered. The same level of risk applies to only 21% of positions in Japan.
同時，英國只有30%的工作同樣瀕臨危機，同樣的風險等級換作在日本，則只有21%。

The U.S. and U.K. labor markets are both dominated by services jobs, and roughly the same share of workers are employed in key sectors including finance, transportation, education, manufacturing and food services.
美國和英國的勞動市場皆以服務業職務為主，在重要部門裡，包括財經、運輸、教育、製造和食品服務業，雇用的勞工的比例大致相同。

But PwC found major differences in the nature of the work done within these sectors that explains why more U.S. jobs are at risk.
但是PwC發現這些產業工作內容的差異就是美國有更多的工作機會面臨風險的原因。

Take financial services as an example. In the U.S., 61% of jobs in the sector are at a high risk of being replaced by robots. The same is true for only 32% of finance jobs in the U.K.
以金融業為例，美國有61%的企業部門面臨被機器人取代的高風險，而面臨同樣風險的工作，英國金融業只有32%。

John Hawksworth, PwC's chief economist in the U.K., said that many workers in the U.S. financial sector are focused on domestic retail operations -- think bank tellers in small towns.
英國PwC的首席經濟學家John Hawksworth表示，許多美國金融業的勞工都專注於國內的零售業營運，想想小鎮裡的銀行櫃員。

The U.K.'s finance sector, meanwhile, is much more focused on international finance and investment banking -- functions that require significantly higher levels of education and expertise.
同樣的，英國金融部門更著重在國際金融和投資銀行—職責明顯需要更高水準的教育和專長。

Workers at risk in the U.S. "would be doing more routine tasks that are easier to automate than that of, say, an investment banker in London," Hawksworth said.
倫敦一家投資銀行行員Hawksworth表示，美國面臨風險的勞工「做越多俱有規律性的任務就會越容易被自動化取代」

Workers shouldn't necessarily freak out about soaring unemployment due to a robot takeover.
勞工不必為機器人的取代而升高的失業率而太過驚慌。

The changing workforce will create more jobs in the future, but they'll likely go to higher skilled workers, said Hawksworth.
Hawksworth表示未來不斷改變的勞動力將會創造更多職位，但是這些職位會比較偏向高技能勞工。

Expect a "restructuring of the jobs market," he said, noting that employment levels in many major economies are still quite high despite the encroachment of robots in the workplace.
他預期一場「工作市場的重建」，儘管機器人侵略職場，但在許多主要經濟大國的就業水平仍然很高。

People with jobs in education, health care and social work are the least at risk of being replaced, PwC said.
PwC表示投入教育、健保和社交工作的人們最不受替代威脅。

"Creative and critical thinking will be highly valued, as will emotional intelligence," said Jon Andrews, head of technology and investments at PwC.
PwC的科技和投資部的首長Jon Andrews：「創造力和批判的思考以及情商，將會具有高度價值」

Meanwhile, the authors warn that more robots could mean greater social inequality.
同時，筆者警告更多的機器人也代表更多的社會不平等。

Workers that design and produce the robots, and have complementary skills to work alongside our artificial intelligence partners, will see more of the riches. Others could get left behind.
設計、製造機器人的工作者和具有全面工作技能、能和我們的人工智慧一起工作的夥伴，將會比較富有，其他將會望塵莫及。

"The gap between rich and poor could get even wider," said Hawksworth.
Hawksworth表示：「貧富之間的差距可能會越來越大」

Jobs at risk of automation, by country面臨自動化風險的工作，依國家

· U.S.: 38% 美國：38%
· Germany: 35% 德國：35%
· U.K.: 30% 英國：30%
· Japan: 21% 日本：21%


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