Hidden details found in art's great masterpieces 偉大藝術作品隱藏的細節

(CNN)It's easy to take a well-known masterpiece at face value.
接受一幅知名作品是非常容易的事。
However, many of the world's most renowned works come loaded with underlying messages and back stories.
但，世界上大多數知名的作品都帶有隱藏的訊息和背後的故事。

Artists use specialized techniques and subtle symbolism to hint at larger themes, expand on a narrative or -- in some cases -- add a touch of humor.
藝術家們用擅長的技術和微妙的象徵來提示大主題，來擴展一段故事或是 - 有時候 - 增加一點幽默感。

"Art in Detail: 100 Masterpieces," written by Susie Hodge, sets out to illuminate the obscure details that the average passerby is likely to miss as they flit between the galleries at the world's most prestigious art institutions.
「藝術的細節：一百幅大師傑作」一書由Susie Hodge所著，以多數在世界知名的藝術機構美術館游移的人們很有可能忽略的隱藏細節為亮點出發。

"Looking at any work of art is a personal experience," Hodge writes, "but one that always benefits from a wider knowledge and awareness. The more you know and the closer you look, the more you will see and enjoy."
「仔細看看任何藝術作品都是個人的經歷」Hodge寫著「但人們總是可以從較寬廣的智慧與認知中獲益，你知道的越多，你看到的就越近，你所看到就多，且可以享受其中。」

What you’re missing in classic paintings
你在經典畫作中忽略了什麼



1. “The Scream”(1893) by Edvard Munch
「吶喊（1893）」愛德華·孟克所作
The screaming figure in the center of “The Scream” is the obvious focal point, but what’s to be made of the shadowy figures in the background? According to Munch, they’re two friends who walked on without him when he stopped and stood “trembling with anxiety” during a stroll.
在「吶喊」一畫中央令人驚叫的特色也是最明顯的焦點，但是背景的陰影特色是怎麼來的？根據孟克，在一次散步中，兩個朋友不等他繼續走，他停下來並站著著急得發抖。




2. “Oath of the Horatii” (1784) by Jacques-Louis David – The neoclassical “Oath of the Horatii” depicts three Roman brothers saluting their father, who’s holding their swords, before going off to fight rivals from Alba Longa. In their shadow, their mother huddles around her grandchildren.
《荷拉斯兄弟之誓》(1784)由賈克-路易·大衛所作 – 新古典的「荷拉斯兄弟之誓」描繪著，在上戰場打敗來自阿爾巴朗格的敵人之前，三個羅馬兄弟向他們拿著他們的劍的父親敬禮，在他們的影子中，他們的母親身旁圍繞著她的孫子們。
“The older boy cannot refrain from peeping out in awe at the men and their glittering swords – demonstrating that to lay down one’s life for one’s country is honorable and something for which all men should be prepared to fight, even from a young age,” Hodge writes.
「最年長的男孩忍不住敬畏地偷看這些男人們與他們閃閃發亮的劍 – 顯示了為國捐軀十分榮耀且所有的男人都應該好好備戰，即使是年輕人」Hodge這麼寫。



3. “The Battle of San Romano”(c.1438-40) by Paolo Uccello – At first glance, this 15th-century painting seems fairly realistic—until you take a closer look at the horses, who are in stiff, unnatural poses.
3. 《聖羅馬諾之戰》(約於1438-40年間) 由保羅·烏切洛所作 – 看第一眼，這幅15世紀的畫作看起來相當現實主義 – 直到你近一點看那些僵硬、動作不自然的馬。
“Prior to the photographic studies of motion by Eadweard Muybridge in the 19th century, most people were unaware of how animals move,” Hodge writes.
「19世紀，攝影師埃德沃德·邁布里奇做了運動的攝影研究，大部分的人都不知道動物是如何動的」Hodge描寫。



4. “Arnolfini Portrait”(1434)by Jan van Eyck- The ornate Latin script above the mirror in the background is not an ancient expression. It’s merely a cheeky translation of “Jan van Eyck was here 1434.”
4. 《阿爾諾非尼夫婦》(1434)由揚·范·艾克所作 – 在背景中鏡子上方，裝飾華麗的拉丁字體並不是一個古老的詮釋，那只是「揚·范·艾克1434年在此」的俏皮的翻譯。




5. “Saint Joseph the Carpenter”(1645) by Georges de La Tour – Here, eight-year-old Jesus Christ holds a candle for his stepfather, Joseph. The auger Joseph is using to drill a piece of wood creates the shape of the cross, referencing Jesus’s future crucifixion.
5.《基督在木匠的店裏》(1645)由喬治·德·拉·圖爾所作 – 這裡，八歲的耶穌為他的繼父約瑟拿著蠟燭，約瑟用來一片木頭鑽出十字架的形狀的螺旋鑽，隱射耶穌未來的受難。




6. “Las Meninas”(1656)by Diego Velazquez – The man behind the canvas is none other than Velazquez himself. This is the painter’s only known self-portrait.
6.《侍女》(1656)由維拉斯奎茲所作 – 在帆布後面的男人除了維拉斯奎茲他本人別無他人，這是目前發現這位畫家唯一的自畫像。




7. “The Ambassadors”(1533) by Hans Holbein the Younger – Tilt you head and take closer look at the disc in the foreground: it’s a distorted image of a skull. An example of “memento mori” – a reminder of mortality – it’s meant to remind the viewer of heaven, hell and the afterlife, and the implications of our actions on earth.
7.《大使們》(1533)由小漢斯・荷爾拜因所作 – 把你的頭往側邊傾斜，近一點看前景的圓盤：這是一個扭曲的骷髏圖片，這是一個「死亡象徵」的例子 – 一個死亡的提醒 – 代表著提醒觀眾天堂、地獄和來世，並隱含了人類在地球上的一切行為。





8. “Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople”(1840) by Eugene Delacroix – Huddled before the future Emperor Baldwin IX, three citizens (including a small child) plead for mercy. “The crusade was primarily a French undertaking, yet (French painter) Delacroiz presents an empathetic view of the Byzantine citizens who have suffered,” Hodge writes.
8.《十字軍進入君士坦丁堡》(1840)由歐仁·德拉克羅瓦所作 – 在未來的皇帝鮑德溫公爵九世上任之前的混亂，三個市民(包括一個幼童)乞求憐憫。Hodge在書中寫著：「聖戰主要發生在法國，法國畫家德拉克羅瓦呈現了對拜占庭人民遭受痛苦的同情視野」。




9. “Laughing Cavalier”(1624) by Fran Hals – The golden rapier subtly poking out from the crook of the sitter’s arm was meant to suggest he was a skilled swordman –the mark of the gentleman during that era.
9.《微笑的騎士》(1624) 由弗蘭斯·哈爾斯所作 – 金色的護手刺劍微微的
從（這位）坐著的人的彎曲手臂露出來，代表著他是一個熟練的劍手 – 在當時是紳士的象徵。


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