New plastic coating could get ALL the shampoo from the bottle 新的塑膠塗料可以讓我們從瓶子中擠出全部的洗髮精

There are two kinds of people in the world: Those who toss shampoo bottles before they're empty, and those who hit bottles against the wall until shampoo comes out.
世界上有兩種人：一種是洗髮精瓶子還全用完就丟掉，另一種是敲打瓶子瓶身直到洗髮精都跑出來。




For the latter, reprieve is in sight. Nanotech researchers at Ohio State University have found a way to make plastic bottles repel liquids like soaps, detergents and shampoos.
對於後者，救星出現了。俄亥俄州立大學奈米科技研究員發現一種方法可以讓塑膠瓶排出像是肥皂、清潔劑、洗髮精等液體。

Their methodology involves forming little heart-shaped speed bumps on the insides of bottles so liquids can't spread and stick.
他們的方法是在瓶子內部建造小小的心形減速帶，如此一來液體將不會蔓延又黏住。

To create these little road blocks, engineers developed a solution of solvent and microscopic silica particles. When applied to a plastic surface, the solution softens the material and embeds the silica.
為了要創造這些小小的路障，工程師研發了一個體型微小且可溶解的矽土顆粒的溶劑，把這些塗到塑膠表面，這個溶劑可以軟化塑膠並且嵌入矽土。


After the solution hardens, the silica structures stick out, creating pockets of air. Those air pockets cause substances like shampoo to form beads and roll off a surface rather than cling to a it, because the liquid can't maintain its shape between the structures.
等溶劑硬化後，這個顆粒的構造突出，創造很多格的空氣，這些氣囊導致像是洗髮精等的物質形成珠狀，並且從表面滾滾低下，而不會附著在上面，因為液體不能在這個結構中維持原本的型態。

The science behind the invention is surface tension -- how much molecules like to stick to one another other. Soaps have very low surface tension and like to cling to other things.
這項發明背後的科學原理是表面張力，也就是有多少分子會一個接一個得黏在一起，肥皂具有非常低的表面張力，而很容易黏附在其他東西上。

"We have developed the process and applied for a patent. We hope to license it to a bottle manufacturer or a third party," Bharat Bhushan, director of the nanotech lab, told CNNMoney in an email. Developing a product that can be manufactured can typically take one to three years, he added.
「我們研發了這個製成並且申請了一項專利，我們希望能許可授權給一家瓶罐製造業者或是第三方業者」奈米實驗室的負責人Bharat Bhushan以電子郵件告訴CNNMoney，他補充，研發一個可以避製造的產品典型的得花一到三年的時間。

The idea for the project came at the suggestion of a commercial shampoo manufacturer, but the company did not provide funding.
這個專案的想法來自於一家盈利洗髮精製造商的建議，但是這家公司並沒有投入資金。

Bhushan admits that he and his team are solving a "first-world problem," but that manufacturers are interested in making sure their products don't go to waste.
Bhushan承認他與他的團隊正在解決一個「第一世界的問題」（註一），但是製造商只在乎他們的產品會不會被浪費。

Another benefit might be recycling.
Shampoo bottles are made from a common type of plastic that's been recycled more and more in recent years. About 44.2 million pounds of polypropylene, a "number 5" plastic, were recycled in 2013, and 45.6 million pounds were recycled in 2014.
另一個好處就是可以回收。洗髮精瓶子是用一種常見、近幾年越來越多人回收的塑膠種類所製造，在2013年，大約有四千四百二十萬磅的聚丙烯，也就是「第五號」塑膠，並且在2014年有四千五百六十萬磅被回收。

Plastics generally have to be rinsed completely clean before they can be recycled, so if people don't have to do as much work to clean their bottles, they might end up recycling even more.
一般來說，塑膠在可以回收前要被完全沖洗乾淨，所以如果人們不用為了洗乾淨寶特瓶而做很多事，他們可能會做更多的回收。


（註一）First-World Question 第一世界問題
“第一世界"涵蓋歐美、日本、紐澳、南非，以及台灣等，在這也可以看做是生活水平比較高的國家因此，“第一世界問題"指得就是單單存在於這些第一世界國家中的問題，第二或第三世界國家的人就算想恐怕還無從體驗。從網路上的用法來看，這些問題多半是無病呻吟，並常被做成帶著嘲諷意味的meme惡搞圖，甚至影片。
資料來源：http://onefunnyjoke.com/2012/11/05/20%E5%80%8B%E7%84%A1%E7%97%85%E5%91%BB%E5%90%9F%E7%9A%84%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C/

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